The specific meaning and test methods of waterproof, hydrostatic pressure, moisture permeability and breathability of outdoor fabrics!
Outdoor
clothing is currently in the ascendant in China, and some domestic sports
brands are also involved in outdoor. China's outdoor clothing industry is on
the rise. Outdoor clothing is mainly sewn from outdoor fabrics. The test items
for outdoor fabrics are as follows: color fastness, shrinkage rate , PH value,
tear strength, breaking strength, seam slip, these are the indicators that the
former dyeing factory needs to do; the finishing aspects are: waterproof,
hydrostatic pressure, moisture permeability, breathability and other functional
indicators!
At
present, domestic outdoor practitioners and outdoor enthusiasts have misunderstandings
in some aspects of outdoor clothing functions, or their understanding is not
rigorous enough. The following Sanchuan Fabric Technology briefly introduces
the meaning and difference of finishing function indicators:
1.
Anti-splashing water: in the standard laboratory, use distilled water to spray
on the sample through the funnel, and score and grade against the waterproof
standard sample;
Commonly used test standards are American
Standard: AATCC 22 (grading system); European standard: ISO 4920 (rating
system); American standard and European standard scoring and rating comparison:
100 points (level 5); 90 points (level 4); 80 points ( Level 3); 70 points
(level 2); 50 points (level 1); 0 points (level 0). There are three types of
water repellent: ordinary waterproof (Water Repellent, abbreviated as: (W/R),
water repellent ( Durable Water Repellent outdoor fabric industry is used to
call it super water repellent, abbreviated as: (DWR), Teflon (TEFLON)
waterproof;
(1) Ordinary water repellent(W/R): The surface
of the clothes is not waterproof after a few washings. Generally, ordinary
outdoor waterproofing is enough. The commonly used data is 70 minutes before
washing. If you often go to mountaineering or mountains with a certain
altitude, The weather on the mountain is fickle, and it may rain at any time.
Ordinary waterproof clothing is not waterproof after washing several times,
which will cause the surface of the clothing to be wet and increase the weight
of the human body when wearing it.
(2)Durable Water Repellent (DWR): C8 water
repellent produced by Daikin or other auxiliary companies in Japan, maintains
the effect of 80 points (European standard level 3) after 20 washings; because
the fluorine content does not meet the European Union standard, it is now
Banned by the EU. Now use C6, C4 more, generally after washing 5-10 times to
maintain the effect of 80 points.
(3)Teflon (TEFLON), produced by DuPont in the
United States, is very well-known, and has three anti-effects such as
waterproof, anti-fouling, and oil-proof. Buying this brand of waterproof can
provide Teflon tag, but the shortcomings of Teflon prevent The water splashing
effect is not as good as that of carbon 8 and carbon 6;
2.
Hydrostatic pressure (Water Proofness abbreviated as: WP): The outdoor fabric
industry is accustomed to call it water pressure resistance. The unit is
expressed in mmh2o, which refers to the strength of water pressure per unit
area. Under standard laboratory conditions, the fabric is subjected to the upward
spray of distilled water. Pressure, and record the maximum water pressure, such
as water pressure resistance 5000mmh2o, that is, the unit area can withstand a
maximum pressure of 5m without leakage.
Commonly used test standards: American standard AATCC 127; Japanese
standard JIS L 1092B; European standard: IS0 811; two methods of water pressure
test: pre-wash and post-wash:
(1) Test before washing: Domestic outdoor
brands generally test the water pressure resistance value before washing, but
do not measure the value after washing. If the water pressure resistance value
of coated fabrics drops a lot after washing several times, it may drop by about
1000-3000 mmh2o.
(2) Test after washing: For example, THE NORTH
FACE even uses the method of measuring the water pressure resistance after
washing 5-20 times. Due to the test after multiple washings, the water pressure
resistance value drops greatly. For example, the water pressure resistance of
coated fabrics requires 5 After the first washing, it reaches 5000mmh2o, then
at least 7-8000mmh2o before washing; of course, this requirement will lead to
higher costs!
3.
Moisture Proofness (abbreviated as MP): Moisture permeability is expressed in
units of g/m2/24h, which means that under certain standard laboratory
conditions, a specific humidity difference is formed on both sides of the
sample, and water vapor passes through The sample enters the dry side, and the
parameters such as the water vapor transmission rate of the sample are obtained
by measuring the change of the weight of the moisture permeable cup with time.
There are two test methods for moisture
permeability: upright cup and inverted cup;
Positive cup method: American standard ASTM
E-96 A, C, E; Japanese standard JIS L-1099 A1;
Inverted cup method: American standard
ASTM-E96, Japanese standard test JIS-L1099B1;
This
test uses pre-wash data!
Both
domestic outdoor practitioners and outdoor enthusiasts refer to moisture
permeability as breathable and moisture-permeable, or directly call
moisture-permeability as breathable. It is incorrect and imprecise to confuse
these two terms. a concept, which needs to be distinguished and understood
correctly;
The
fabrics with the above three functional indicators are called waterproof and
moisture-permeable fabrics, also known as windproof, waterproof, warm and
moisture-permeable fabrics. It is simply understood that the rainwater from the
outside cannot get in, and the sweat inside is discharged through the pores of
the coating and membrane!
4.
Air Permeability (Method Air Permeability abbreviated as: MAP): means the
performance of air permeating through the fabric; under the specified
differential pressure conditions, measure the airflow through a given area of the
sample vertically within a certain period of time, and calculate the air
permeability. . The airflow rate can be measured directly, or it can be
converted by measuring the pressure on both sides of the flow aperture. This is
the real breath!
Test standard: American standard ASTM D737,
European standard ISO 9237, Japanese standard JIS L 1096;
The ventilation unit can be expressed in mm/s
or cm3/cm2/s;
According
to the operation of The North Face, Rei, Columbia, LL Bean, EddieBauer, Adidas,
Ozark and other well-known outdoor brands in recent years, they have not tested
the ventilation, and the domestic outdoor clothing brands have basically not
tested the ventilation;
Breathable means that the air is transmitted to
the human body through the fabric, so it may not have the effect of keeping
warm; while wearing a jacket is waterproof and warm but has a stuffy feeling,
which is related to the airtightness.
2022 07/04